An unwanted pregnancy can create many problems. Contraceptive method is really important for women who are sexually active, as well as those who have a steady monogamous relationship. Contraceptive methods have been practiced for several of years. Today, a number of effective birth control methods are available that works in different ways and have different type of pros and cons. To understand what contraceptive method is best for you, first you should understand how it works and what are the pros and cons of each.
Contraceptive methods
Oral pills or birth controlling pills
The birth control pills are most commonly used methods among women's. Most oral pills consist of two types of synthetic hormones- progestin and estrogen, these hormones prevents ovulation from ovaries. This method is more effective if a woman takes a pill daily at the same time each day for 21 days of cycle.
Possible Side effects:
Nausea, Headaches, Breast tenderness, depression, weight gain, bloating, acne and increased blood pressure.
Condoms
This method is also the most popular and commonly used method. It stops the sperms from entering into the uterus and prevents pregnancy. This method can be 99% effective if it is used with vaginal spermicide.
Male condom is a flexible and thin tube made up of latex rubber or polyurethane. Male condom is rolled over the erect penis before the intercourse. It is risk free contraceptive method, which reduces chances of pregnancy and STDs, including HIV/AIDS.
Female condom is a soft tube made up of polyurethane. It has O-rings on both the ends. It is worn inside the vagina.
Possible Side effects
Some women's are allergic to latex.
Emergency method- Morning after pill.
If there is an unprotected sex or a failure in a contraceptive method during sexual intercourse, then morning after pill or emergency contraceptive method is must used to avoid unwanted pregnancy. It inhibits fertilization or implantation and stops pregnancy. These pills can be taken up to 72-120 hours after the unprotected sexual intercourse.
Possible Side effects
-Bloating, Discomfort, Breast tenderness and Lower back pain.
Depo-Provera Hormonal Injection.
Hormonal Injection works in similar way like birth control pills. In this method a Synthetic Progesterone hormone is injected in the female body, which stops ovulation from ovaries. It prevents pregnancy for three months or for 13 weeks.
Possible Side-effect:
-Irregular menstrual periods, weight gain, headaches, depression and possible bone mineral loss.
Hormone patch (Ortho-Evra)
The patch of hormones called estrogen and progestin are worn on the skin. These hormones are absorbed through the skin to the bloodstream and prevent ovulation. This contraceptive method is 99% effective, if it is used correctly. It is important that first you consult a doctor if patch is right for you or not.
Possible side-effects
-Blood clots, irregular bleeding, breast tenderness, nausea, skin irritation and cramps.
Sterilization method.
It is a permanent birth control method for both male and female. Sterilization for male is called vasectomy and for female it's called tubal ligation. This is a surgical procedure in which vas deferens (the tube that carries sperm from scrotum to penis) of male and the fallopian tubes (the tube leading from ovaries to uterus) in female are cut, clamped and tied. This sterilization contraceptive method is most effective and reliable for all those couple who don't wish to have a child anymore.
Intrauterine device(IUDs)
These devices are inserted into the uterus by a medical practitioner and can be left for a week. IUD is a T shaped plastic or copper and plastic devices which contains leveonorgestrel hormone, it stops sperm and egg to fertilize.
Possible side effects:
-Abnormal bleeding, abdominal pain, pain during sexual intercourse, chills and fever.
Diaphragm
Diaphragm is dome-shaped device with flexible rim. It is made up of rubber and silicon and can be reused. It is use with spermicide. It prevents sperm to enter into uterus. It is less effective than other contraceptive methods.
With the right type of contraceptive method, you can make a proper family planning and have a child when you wish. In additional, some of contraceptive methods can protect you from sexually transmitted diseases like AIDS.
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